The lake, historically documented since the early days of the town, was once known as Lake Mediano; today, during rainy periods, the Sottano and Gazzana lakes can also be admired in their seasonal forms. Located at about 450 meters above sea level, it covers roughly 15 hectares with a maximum depth of 2.5 meters. It is fed exclusively by rain and underground springs, which makes it highly influenced by the seasons, with winter flooding and possible summer drying.
Its ecological importance was officially recognized in 2000, when it was declared an Oriented Nature Reserve by the Sicilian Region and entrusted to the management of the Free Municipal Consortium of Caltanissetta. The reserve protects numerous animal species, particularly migratory birds such as grebes, coots, pochards, little bitterns, teal, as well as reptiles like the pond turtle and small mammals such as foxes, hares, and weasels. The typical wetland vegetation is enriched by rare species, including the spongy duckweed which, at certain times of the year, can cover much of the lake’s surface.
Set within an agricultural and hilly landscape of great charm, the lake offers panoramic views from nearby Monte Calvario and the Serradifalco Urban Park. Threatened by land reclamation works in the 1970s, Lake Soprano is today a virtuous example of environmental protection and a point of reference for nature lovers, birdwatchers, and wildlife photographers.